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Shingleback Lizard
Interesting Creature…
Shingleback Lizard
Scientific name: Tiliqua rugosa
Kaieteur News – The bulkiest of the blue-tongues, the Shingleback Lizards are common on the plains west of the Great Dividing Range where rainfall is low and throughout the semi-arid habitats of inland Australia as well as coastal parts of Western Australia and South Australia.
Shinglebacks in New South Wales are usually dark brown all over, with or without yellow spots. The belly of blue-tongues is usually pale with darker variegations. The eye is small and reddish-brown to grey. The tongue is dark blue and the lining of the mouth is bright pink.
The Shingleback has a very large head, a very short blunt tail and large rough scales. Males have a proportionally larger head and stockier body than females but females grow slightly bigger than males.
Habitat
Shinglebacks usually live in open country with lots of ground cover such as tussocky grasses or leaf litter. They shelter at night among leaf litter or under large objects on the ground such as rocks and logs. Early in the morning the lizards emerge to bask in sunny areas before foraging for food during the warmer parts of the day. Like all lizards, Shinglebacks do not produce their own body heat, and rely on the warmth of their surroundings to raise their body temperature. Shingleback Lizards maintain a body temperature of about 30°C – 35°C when active. During cold weather they remain inactive, buried deep in their shelter sites, but on sunny days they may emerge to bask.
Shinglebacks eat a wide variety of both plants and animals; Shinglebacks eat more plant food than do the other blue-tongues. Shinglebacks are not very agile and the animals they eat are mostly slow-moving. Their teeth are large and they have strong jaw muscles so they can crush snail shells and beetles.
The captive diet for this species at the Australian Museum is provided in three feeds within a period of a week. These consist of a small feed of chopped vegetables on one day, a small serving of kangaroo mince on another day as well as two cockroaches, crickets snails for the third feeding. The timing and order of the diet is changed around to simulate natural conditions and prevent stereotypical behaviour (where an animal will have predictable activity patterns and essentially be waiting to be fed). This food is supplemented with calcium and vitamin powder to ensure that a nutritionally balanced diet is provided.
The Shingleback has usually only two or three young that measure up to 220 mm in total length and weigh as much as 200 g.
Breeding behaviours.
Shingleback Lizards live alone for most of the year, but between September and November reunite as monogmous pairs. Shinglebacks in western New South Wales are often seen crossing roads in pairs, the male following the female. The same pairs may re-form in the mating season over several years.
Other behaviours and adaptations
When threatened, Shinglebacks turn towards the threat, open their mouth wide and stick out their broad blue tongue that contrasts vividly with the pink mouth. This display, together with the large size of the head, may frighten off predators. If the threat does not go away, Shinglebacks may hiss and flatten out the body, making themselves look bigger. A frightened Shingleback may bite if it is picked up.
Predators
Reptile ticks are commonly found on Shinglebacks; they attach under the scales and in the ear canal. They do not normally attach to mammals, and are not known to cause paralysis. A number of nematode worms parasitise large skinks such as Shinglebacks, and may sometimes be seen in faecal pellets. Again, these worms normally only parasitise reptiles.
In the bush the major predators of Shinglebacks are large predatory birds (such as Brown Falcons and Laughing Kookaburras) and large snakes (including the Eastern Brown Snake, Red-bellied Black Snake and Mulga Snake). Feral cats and dogs also eat Shinglebacks.
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