Rehabilitation vs. Punishment in Juvenile Justice

Mar 21, 2025 Letters

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Dear Editor,

As we continue to face challenges posed by youth crime, the question remains: should our approach to juvenile justice focus on punishment or rehabilitation? The answer to this question will not only determine the future of our young offenders, but also contribute to the safety and well-being of our society.

Historically, the criminal justice system in Guyana, as in many other countries, has leaned heavily toward punishment. Young people are aware that not all adults suffer harsh penalties, either by the State or by others, for wrongdoing. In fact, wrongdoing by some adults is either normalised, as in the case of violence and abuse to children, or goes unpunished, especially if the wrongdoer has power and influence. While the punitive approach may provide a temporary sense of relief, behavioral patterns can be overlooked often, until it becomes too obvious to ignore. More importantly, without effective intervention, it risks exposing victims, and the wider community, to further harm. Worse yet, it can create a cycle of recidivism, where young people emerge from the system more hardened and alienated, only to reoffend.

Rehabilitation and diversion, on the other hand, offers a more constructive and long-term solution. By focusing on rehabilitative/diversion interventions, and root causes of juvenile delinquency—such as poverty, lack of education, family breakdown, and trauma—, rehabilitative approaches aim to equip young offenders with the skills and support they need to reintegrate into society. This approach is not about excusing bad behavior, but about understanding and addressing the factors that contribute to it.

In Guyana, financial difficulties and disparities between different social groups, make the challenges that young people face even worse. This suggests that economic struggles (such as poverty and unemployment), and social inequalities (such as unequal access to education, healthcare, or opportunities), contribute to, or intensify, the issues affecting youth; such as violence, abuse, lack of support, or limited prospects for a better future. Therefore, rehabilitation and diversion must be at the forefront of our juvenile justice strategy. Programs that offer education, vocational training, counseling, and mentorship can provide young offenders with the tools and information they need for their own well-being, and of their families and communities. By addressing their needs in a supportive and structured environment, we can reduce their likelihood of reoffending, and help young offenders become productive members of society.

Moreover, rehabilitation and diversion align with the values of fairness and compassion, which are deeply rooted in our culture. As a nation, we believe in giving people a second chance, in recognizing that everyone, especially our youth, has the potential to change. By embracing rehabilitation and diversion approaches, we affirm our commitment to these values, and demonstrate our belief in the capacity of our young people to grow and improve.

Accountability is a critical element in rehabilitation and diversion, requiring young offenders to understand the impact of their actions. In some cases, stricter measures may be necessary to ensure meaningful consequences and foster genuine change. However, even within a rehabilitative framework, accountability can be maintained through diversionary and/or restorative justice practices, where young offenders are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions, make amends, and understand the impact of their behavior on others.

ChildLinK, the Childcare and Protection Agency, and other agencies and community groups, have been actively working with young offenders through counseling and rehabilitation programs, aiming to support their reintegration into their homes and society. This work includes investing in resources for diversion and rehabilitation, providing training and raising wider awareness of the issues, and offering practical support to young people. A much stronger and more concerted approach, along with a firm commitment, is needed for policy-level interventions to be mandated, as well as for the ongoing evaluation and improvement of rehabilitative programs. It is hoped that the outcome is reduced crime rates, safer communities, and brighter futures for our youths. Replacing the urge to punish juveniles, with efforts at careful and systematic rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system, is not just a matter of policy, it is crucial to the kind of society we want to build in Guyana.

Sincerely, 

ChildLinK Inc.

(Rehabilitation vs. Punishment in Juvenile Justice)

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