Struggling to obtain by means fair and foul

Mar 07, 2014 Editorial

In a poor country such as ours, the list of the things that we need might seem endless. There is, of course, the popular distinction between “wants” and “needs”; the former deemed to be somewhat much more fickle and ephemeral as opposed to the latter that supposedly goes deeper into our psychological, and some may have it – even into our physical makeup.
Wants, then, may be infinite, but needs presumably are tied to our makeup and are more limited and hopefully may be satisfied. And then there are those who want everything. But that is a totally different animal.
“What do we need?” We can turn the question on its head and propose that our needs may provide a potent source of explanation as to who we are, what are the bases of our behaviour and our social interaction?
If, as has been proposed, we are all driven by needs then our society and its rules must be responsive to these needs or we will constantly find ourselves bemoaning one or other individual “acting out” as they strive, like bears caught in a trap to gnaw at their own limbs in a desperate effort to “express” themselves. Such drives may inevitably lead to conflict and violence.
So what are some of these needs? According to the renowned psychologist, Abraham Maslow, we all have a hierarchy of needs, and these are ranked in the order of their attainment. We begin, according to Maslow, from the basic physical needs of food, water and shelter – which we share with all our fellow animals.
When we talk about “basic needs” we cannot get more basic than this. In Guyana, while we may quibble about how far we are from the standards of the “developed” countries, we believe that by and large our basic needs are being met. This does not mean that we do not want what we see flashing on our TV screens as available elsewhere. And struggle to obtain them by means fair and foul.
Maslow proposed that after fulfilment of the basic needs, we are driven to demand safety and security. Based on the primordial nature of our conflicts in the last decade, not many Guyanese would deny Maslow’s assertion.
We then move on to non-physical things that go deep into our psychological makeup and into the realm of needs that distinguish us from other animals and indeed perhaps make us human. We need belonging or love, self-esteem and finally personal fulfilment. And it is because these needs are provided by other humans that we have been called a “social animal”.
These latter needs emphasise the importance of family, friends, community and society. Without these institutions we would all revert to the feral creatures that were formed when some babies were abandoned in the wild.
Families are the fundamental unit for making us human and it is not a coincidence that with the gradual erosion of the family in recent decades, the psychological degradation of many members of our society has increased exponentially.
In such dislocations many youths will seek fulfilment of their “higher” psychological needs in gangs that provide recognition.
On a larger scale, in the modern, increasingly atomised world, it may not be surprising that the saliency of ethnic groups has skyrocketed. It has been said with more than a little truth, that only the ethnic group accepts us for “what we are”.
Extending the early insights of Maslow, other theorists have posited that human needs are actually the emergence of the essentials of our human development – and that the needs do not have a hierarchical order.
We seek to fulfil our needs simultaneously in a strong and inexorable manner. They contend that needs also include the human quest for identity, cultural security, freedom and distributive justice. Our societal arrangements will court trouble, they assert, if these needs are not allowed to be fulfilled.
While some have emphasised the importance of addressing “interests” in our angst-ridden society, ignoring the underlying needs and just negotiating the interests may at times lead to a short-term settlement, but it rarely will lead to long-term resolution of our problems.

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