Latest update November 21st, 2024 1:00 AM
The Southern Amazon Red Squirrel
One of the largest species of squirrel in its range, S. spadiceus ranges from 48 to 63 cm (19 to 25 in) in total length, including a very long, 24 to 34 cm (9.4 to 13 in), tail.
Males and females are similarly sized, and weigh between 570 and 660 g (20 and 23 oz). The fur is typically reddish-brown over most of the body, grizzled with paler yellow, but can be dark brown to near-black, especially in tricolor subspecies. The under parts are white to pale ochre in colour, and separated from the remainder of the body by a narrow band of dark fur. The cheeks and head range from yellow to reddish-orange, and the tail fades from dark brown at the base to orange along most of its length.
The southern Amazon species differs from the otherwise very similar northern Amazon red squirrel in having a longer and narrower head, and orange fur behind its ears and on the tops of its feet. Females 
have six teats.
The southern Amazon red squirrel inhabits north-western South America, east of the Andes. It is found from southern Colombia and western Ecuador, through eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and Brazil south of the Amazon River. Most inhabit lowland rain forests, although in the western parts of their range, while some live in forested highlands in the foothills of the Andes.
Three subspecies are currently recognised, although the precise geographic boundaries between their ranges are not yet clear.
Southern Amazon red squirrels spend much of their life on the ground, or among heavy undergrowth, but can readily climb trees and retreat to the forest canopy during the heavy floods of the wet season. They are common animals within their range, with population densities of 3.8 to 6.6 per square kilometre (9.8 to 17/sq mi) having been reported; individual home ranges vary from 25 to 50 hectares (62 to 120 acres). They are diurnal herbivores, feeding primarily on large, hard-shelled nuts, such as those of murumuru, Attalea, and Dipteryx.
These squirrels are non-territorial, with several individuals often feeding from the same tree. They cache nuts on the ground, and generally descend to ground level when alarmed, rather than jumping between branches. They have been reported to make alarm calls that sound like a sneeze followed by a chattering noise.
Although most details of their reproduction are unclear, females are said to give birth to litters of two to four pups. A young /baby of a southern Amazon red squirrel is called a ‘pup, kit or kitten’. The females are called ‘doe’ and males ‘buck’. A southern Amazon red squirrel group is called a ‘dray or scurry
The Southern Amazon Red Squirrel is listed as Least Concern, lowest risk and does not qualify for a more at risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category, on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List of Threatened Species. Their known predators include ocelots and jaguars.
(Source: Wikipedia – The Free Online Encyclopedia)
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